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KM0038 Brilliant Green Agar is used for the selective isolation of Salmonella species from clinical specimens and food samples. Brilliant Green Agar was first cited by Kristensen et al. and later modified to improve selectivity. The medium is highly selective and may not be suitable for the isolation of Salmonella spp. from samples where numbers of salmonellae are low. If this is suspected to be the case, or if the sample is suspected to contain Salmonella typhi, other selective media such as Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar (E&O KM0013), Hektoen Enteric Agar (E&O KM0032) or Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (E&O KM0050) may be inoculated with the specimen in parallel. The United States Pharmacopeia indicates that the medium may be used to confirm the absence of salmonellae in nutritional and dietary supplements. The medium may also be used as a secondary plating medium for subculture from selective enrichment media during food and environmental testing, and as a primary isolation medium in the identification of Salmonella species from clinical specimens according to Public Health England’s UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. -
Formulated to ISO 6579, Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) is a pre-enrichment medium designed to help sub-lethally damaged Salmonella spp. recover before introducing them into a selective enrichment medium. Enzymatic digest of casein is the source of the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance in the medium. Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium di-hydrogen phosphate act as buffers in the medium. This nutritious medium is free from inhibitors and is well buffered to maintain pH 7.0 for the incubation period. Sub-lethal injury to Salmonella spp. occurs in many food processes and this pre-enrichment step greatly increases the chance of their recovery, especially if a low number of cells are present in a sample.
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Cetrimide agar is a selective medium for the isolation and detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from pharmaceutical, clinical and cosmetic samples. The formulation is complaint with the requirements of the Harmonised USP/EP/JP. Detection is achieved using the unique ability of P. aeruginosa to produce the water soluble, bright green pigment pyocyanin. The production of this pigment is stimulated by the presence of magnesium chloride and di-potassium sulphate in the medium. The addition of glycerol (10ml/l) is required as this compound serves as an energy source. Cetrimide, a quaternary ammonium compound, is also present to suppress the growth of other Pseudomonas spp. as well as Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Pancreatic digest of gelatin provides the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins. Related Supplements :
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KM0005 CLED Double Indicator Agar (Bevis) is a differential culture medium used clinically for isolation and enumeration of bacteria in urine, from the suspected cases of urinary tract infection (UTI). KM0005 CLED Double Indicator Agar (Bevis) is a differential culture medium which contains cystine, lactose, bromothymol blue, acid fuchsin and is electrolyte deficient to prevent swarming of Proteus species. Bevis changed the original medium by Mackey and Sandys by introducing a second pH indicator to enhance the differentiation of colony characteristics of lactose and non-lactose fermenting organisms. The medium can allow for quantitative determination of urinary pathogens, including Proteus species, when automated systems or calibrated loops are used for inoculation. KM0005 is recommended as a differential primary isolation media by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations and tested in accordance with ISO 11133:2014.
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KM0004 CLED Single Indicator Agar is a differential culture medium used clinically for isolation and enumeration of bacteria in urine, from the suspected cases of urinary tract infection (UTI). Originally described by Sandys, CLED (Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient) Single Indicator Agar is a differential medium which contains cystine, lactose, bromothymol blue and is electrolyte deficient to prevent swarming of Proteus species. The medium can allow for quantitative determination of urinary pathogens, including Proteus species, when automated systems or calibrated loops are used for inoculation. KM0004 is recommended as a differential primary isolation media by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations and tested in accordance with the principals of ISO 11133:2014.
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KM0016 GC Agar is based on the formulation described by Thayer and Martin that was modified from the formulation development by Johnson for the isolation of gonococcus cultures and is recommended primarily for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis; however, it is also capable of supporting the growth of most fastidious micro-organisms from clinical specimens, and is recommended by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations for a variety of clinical samples, and falls under the category of selective media for pathogenic Neisseria spp. according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Enrichment of KM0016 GC Agar is usually attained using lysed blood but haemoglobin powder or chocolated blood are suitable alternatives. Further enrichment may be provided by the addition of Suplex Supplement (E&O BM0478) which contains yeast extract and glucose. Selective plated media variants of KM0016 GC Agar, may be prepared by the addition of various selective supplements such as LCAT Selective Supplement (E&O LS0001) or VCAT Selective Supplement (E&O LS0002). These supplements suppress most microbiota present in clinical specimens. Related Supplements : BM0478 Suplex, LS0001 GC LCAT Selective Supplement, LS0002 GC VCAT Selective Supplement
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Approved by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI formerly known as the NCCLS) in USA this medium can be considered as an alternative to Iso-Sensitest Broth for antimicrobial sensitivity testing and MIC determinations by tube dilution methods. (1&2) Beef extract and acid hydrolysate of casein provides the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins in the medium. Starch absorbs any toxic metabolites produced. References (1) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2006. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standard M2-A9. CLSI, Wayne, PA. (2) MacFaddin, J. 1985. Media for isolation cultivation, identification maintenance of medical bacteria. Williams & Williams, Baltimore.
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Pasteurella Agar Base is an non-selective medium capable of supporting the growth of Pasteurella spp. Pasteurella spp.are spherical, ovoid or rod-shaped cells 0.3-1.0μm in diameter and 1.0-2.0μm in length. Cells are Gram negative, and occur singly, or in pairs or short chains. Bipolar staining may be seen and capsules may be present. All species are non-motile, and are facultatively anaerobic.(1) With further enrichment using 5-10% blood and selective antimicrobials, most Pasteurella spp. can be isolated. There is no haemolysis on blood agar for Pasteurella spp. and the organism will not regularly exhibit satellitism around colonies of Staphylococcus spp. The peptones act as carbon, nitrogen and vitamin sources in this medium. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance and the agar is a solidifying agent. The medium is made selective through the addition of LS0057, Pasteurella agar selective supplement. REFERENCE (1) Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE. 1995. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms. 3, 1-28.
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Sorbitol MacConkey agar is a differential medium for the isolation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 based on the formulation by Rappaport and Henig. It differs from other MacConkey mediums in that lactose has been replaced by sorbitol. As Escherichia coli 0157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol it produces pale translucent colonies whereas most other strains of Escherichia coli are sorbitol positive and produce pink colonies. Although it should be noted that colonies that are sorbitol positive can revert and possibly be mistaken as sorbitol negative. Tryptone and meat peptone provide the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Sorbitol is a fermentable carbohydrate and neutral red is a pH indicator. Bile Salts no.3 and crystal violet are selective agents and together inhibit Gram-positive cocci. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. If required, the selectivity of the medium may be increased by the addition of cefixime (0.05mg/L) and potassium tellurite (2.5mg/L). Related Supplements : LS0013 Escherichia coli 0157 Selective Supplement
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Tryptone Soya Agar is used for a wide range of applications, including culture storage, enumeration of cells, isolation of pure cultures, or simply general culture. It has been found to be useful in cosmetic testing, water, and wastewater applications. Tryptone Soya Agar may be used to determine X and V factor requirements of Haemophilus species; sterility testing; and environmental monitoring within pharmaceutical cleanrooms and sterile facilities. This medium meets the requirements of the Harmonized USP/EP/JP and is based on the original formulation described by Leavitt et al. in 1955. Tryptone Soya Agar is recommended as a reference medium when testing selective media, to measure the degree of inhibition. In environmental monitoring applications, it is common for plates to be incubated at 30-35°C for bacterial colonies and 20-25°C for mould and fungi. Tryptone Soya Agar will support the growth of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms depending on incubation conditions. KM0024 unsupplemented is recommended by the World Health Organization, UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations, International Organization for Standardization and is tested in accordance with ISO 11133:2014. This medium is also included in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual for cosmetics testing. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations also call for Tryptone Soya Agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood (E&O DSC) for aid in the identification of Bordetella species from clinical specimens. The addition of defibrinated animal blood to the base medium, promotes the growth of most fastidious organisms and presumptive identification can be made based on haemolytic reactions. It should be noted that the haemolytic patterns of isolates may vary with the source of animal blood. Addition of selective agents allows isolation and presumptive identification of specific species or groups of organisms. Related Supplements : Defibrinated Sheep Blood, Defibrinated Horse Blood
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A general purpose and nutritious medium for the non-selective enrichment of non-fastidious and some fastidious organisms. Tryptone and soy peptone are the nitrogen and vitamin source in the medium. Glucose is the carbon energy source that facilitates organism growth and sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance. Di-potassium hydrogen phosphate is a buffering agent to prevent auto-sterilisation due to acid production during the growth of some organisms. Tryptone Soya Broth is also commonly referred to as Soybean-Casein Digest Medium or Tryptic Soya Broth and is abbreviated as TSB. TSB conforms to the Harmonized United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EU), and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP).
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KM0013 Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar is used for the isolation and detection of Salmonella and Shigella spp. in clinical specimens, food, and environmental samples. Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar is used for the isolation of Salmonella from food and animal feedstuffs when used according to ISO 6579:2017, ISO 11133:2014. The formulation conforms to CLSI M22 and European, United States and Japanese Pharmacopeia requirements. KM0013 is recommended for clinical specimens as a standard, supplementary or primary isolation medium by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar has a pH of 7.4, leaving it with a bright red appearance due to the indicator phenol red. Sugar fermentation lowers the pH and the phenol red indicator registers this by changing to yellow. Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella spp., can rapidly ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid; Shigella spp. cannot do this and therefore remain red. Once the xylose has been used, Salmonella spp. decarboxylate lysine leading to a reversion to an alkaline pH. Additionally, Salmonella spp. (but not Shigella species) are able to reduce thiosulphate to hydrogen sulphide which reacts with ferric ions to produce the black pigment iron sulphide. Salmonella spp. may, therefore, be differentiated since colonies have a black centre on this medium.
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This is a selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of yeasts and moulds in dairy products. It is in according to a typical formulation of The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). Yeast extract acts as a source of nitrogen, carbon and vitamins in this medium. Glucose is a fermentable carbohydrate. Although the medium has a low pH it is made more selective by the inclusion of chloramphenicol, an antibiotic selective agent.
