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This medium is based on the formulation published by Platt, Atherton & Simpson1 and is used for the cultivation of Taylorella equigenitalis, the causative organism in contagious equine metritis. It is routinely used for culturing swabs taken from the genitalia of mares and stallions. Enzymatic digest of casein and soy peptone supply nitrogen, carbon and vitamins and L-cystine is a required growth factor. Sodium chloride provides osmotic balance and sodium sulphite is present as a reducing agent. The medium is made selective by the addition of CEMO Selective Supplement (LS0041) to control bacteria and fungi from swab samples. References 1. Platt, H., Atherton, J. G. and Simpson, D. J. 1978. Equine Vet J 10, 153–159. -
KM0004 CLED Single Indicator Agar is a differential culture medium used clinically for isolation and enumeration of bacteria in urine, from the suspected cases of urinary tract infection (UTI). Originally described by Sandys, CLED (Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient) Single Indicator Agar is a differential medium which contains cystine, lactose, bromothymol blue and is electrolyte deficient to prevent swarming of Proteus species. The medium can allow for quantitative determination of urinary pathogens, including Proteus species, when automated systems or calibrated loops are used for inoculation. KM0004 is recommended as a differential primary isolation media by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations and tested in accordance with the principals of ISO 11133:2014.
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KM0001 Columbia Agar is a modification of the original Columbia Agar formulation described by Ellner et al. from Columbia University and is tested in accordance with ISO 11133:2014. Columbia Agar provides a medium that is suitable for use with both defibrinated horse and sheep blood to support the growth and determining haemolytic reactions of a variety of microorganisms. Columbia Agar with the addition of plain or chocolated blood is recommended by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations for various purposes, including as a standard, supplementary or primary isolation medium. Columbia agar with blood is a general-purpose, non-selective medium suitable for isolation and cultivation of most organisms including fastidious anaerobes from clinical specimens. Chocolating the blood provides a highly nutritious medium which supports the growth of a wide range of pathogens including the most fastidious organisms and is particularly useful for the cultivation of Haemophilus and Neisseria species. Chocolate agar is the same as blood agar except that during preparation the red blood cells are lysed when added to molten agar base, which gives the medium a chocolate-brown colouration and from which the agar gets its name. As a result, cell lysis releases intracellular nutrients such as haemoglobin, haemin (X factor), and the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD or V factor) into the agar. These growth factors are available to fastidious organisms during growth. Related Supplements : Defibrinated Horse Blood, Defibrinated Sheep Blood, Horse Blood Lysed, LS0008 Staph/Strep Selective Supplement, LS0017 Neomycin Selective Supplement, LS0022 Clostridium difficle Selective Supplement, LS0012 Bacitracin Selective Supplement, LS0011 Campylobacter Growth Supplement, LS0009 Campylobacter (Skirrow) Selective Supplement
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DNase agar is used primarily in clinical laboratories to differentiate pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci based on deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity. The tryptone provides the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. The addition of DNA to the base medium provides a simple method to check for DNase activity. Following incubation of the inoculated medium, the surface of the medium is flooded with a small quantity of 1M hydrochloric acid to precipitate the DNA. This results in the medium turning opaque. Organisms that can produce sufficient quantity of a DNase enzyme will hydrolyse the DNA resulting in a clear area around the colonies. Whereas DNase negative organisms will not produce clearing. NB: As with most tests of this type a positive result should not be taken in isolation and other appropriate tests, e.g. coagulase test, latex agglutination etc., should be carried out.
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DNase agar is used primarily in clinical laboratories to differentiate pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci based on deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity. The tryptone provides the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. The addition of DNA to the base medium provides a simple method to check for DNase activity. The methyl green fades into a colourless compound if the DNA in the medium is depolymerised. Organisms that can produce sufficient quantity of a DNase enzyme will hydrolyse the DNA resulting in a clear area around the colonies. Whereas DNase negative organisms will not produce clearing. NB: As with most tests of this type a positive result should not be taken in isolation and other appropriate tests, e.g. coagulase test, latex agglutination etc., should be carried out.
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A selective medium for the enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae and the detection of Escherichia coli in pharmaceutical products. The inclusion of bromocresol purple indicator makes the colour change caused by acid production from the fermentation of lactose easy to read with gas formation. The presence of ox bile helps to suppress the growth of Gram-positive and non-enteric bacterial species. This formulation complies with the Harmonized USP/EP/JP. Nitrogen is supplied by the gelatin peptone whilst lactose serves as the fermentable carbohydrate source. Oxbile is the selective agent helping to suppress Gram-positive organisms and bromocresol purple detects the pH change as a result of the fermentation of lactose.
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Nutrient Broth No.2 is used for the cultivation of fastidious pathogens and other microorganisms. This general use medium, rich in nutrients, allows the growth of bacteria when there is a low level of cells. The medium is particularly suitable as a secondary growth medium for staphylococci to be tested for coagulase production and also be used for sterility testing of aerobic organisms. Beef extract and peptone provide the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance.
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Pasteurella Agar Base is an non-selective medium capable of supporting the growth of Pasteurella spp. Pasteurella spp.are spherical, ovoid or rod-shaped cells 0.3-1.0μm in diameter and 1.0-2.0μm in length. Cells are Gram negative, and occur singly, or in pairs or short chains. Bipolar staining may be seen and capsules may be present. All species are non-motile, and are facultatively anaerobic.(1) With further enrichment using 5-10% blood and selective antimicrobials, most Pasteurella spp. can be isolated. There is no haemolysis on blood agar for Pasteurella spp. and the organism will not regularly exhibit satellitism around colonies of Staphylococcus spp. The peptones act as carbon, nitrogen and vitamin sources in this medium. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance and the agar is a solidifying agent. The medium is made selective through the addition of LS0057, Pasteurella agar selective supplement. REFERENCE (1) Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE. 1995. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms. 3, 1-28.
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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing sodium phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, it contains potassium chloride and potassium phosphate. The osmolality and ion concentrations of the solutions match those of the human body (isotonic) and are non-toxic to most cells. This balanced salt solution is issued to meet the requirements of those tissue culture workers who use the Dulbecco Solution with and without calcium and magnesium.
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This is a selective medium for the isolation of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. from clinical specimens and food samples. SS agar is a modification of the original DCA medium described by Leifson. The formulation for SS agar was later modified to improve the growth of Shigella spp. SS agar modified differs from SS agar in that it has an alternation to the bile salts mixture, peptone, pH value, and total g/litre. The peptone provides the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Lactose is a fermentable carbohydrate and neutral red is a pH indicator. Sodium thiosulphate and ferric citrate are used to detect hydrogen sulphide production indicated by the black centred colonies of hydrogen sulphite positive organisms. Bile salts, sodium citrate and brilliant green inhibit Gram-positive bacteria and a number of different coliform bacteria.
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Sheep Blood Agar Base has been developed to provide a nutrient rich medium compatible with sheep blood for the cultivation of many bacteria, especially fastidious Streptococcus spp., without affecting haemolytic reactions. Alternative culture mediums, such as Blood agar base No. 2, can results in mixed haemolytic reactions for some Streptococcus spp. This is thought to occur due to the trace amounts of fermentable carbohydrates in yeast extract and the physiological difference between sheep and horse blood. The tryptone, peptone, and yeast extract provide the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins in the medium. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. Related Supplements : LS0008 Staph/Strep Selective Supplement
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Tryptone Soya Agar is used for a wide range of applications, including culture storage, enumeration of cells, isolation of pure cultures, or simply general culture. It has been found to be useful in cosmetic testing, water, and wastewater applications. Tryptone Soya Agar may be used to determine X and V factor requirements of Haemophilus species; sterility testing; and environmental monitoring within pharmaceutical cleanrooms and sterile facilities. This medium meets the requirements of the Harmonized USP/EP/JP and is based on the original formulation described by Leavitt et al. in 1955. Tryptone Soya Agar is recommended as a reference medium when testing selective media, to measure the degree of inhibition. In environmental monitoring applications, it is common for plates to be incubated at 30-35°C for bacterial colonies and 20-25°C for mould and fungi. Tryptone Soya Agar will support the growth of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms depending on incubation conditions. KM0024 unsupplemented is recommended by the World Health Organization, UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations, International Organization for Standardization and is tested in accordance with ISO 11133:2014. This medium is also included in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual for cosmetics testing. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations also call for Tryptone Soya Agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood (E&O DSC) for aid in the identification of Bordetella species from clinical specimens. The addition of defibrinated animal blood to the base medium, promotes the growth of most fastidious organisms and presumptive identification can be made based on haemolytic reactions. It should be noted that the haemolytic patterns of isolates may vary with the source of animal blood. Addition of selective agents allows isolation and presumptive identification of specific species or groups of organisms. Related Supplements : Defibrinated Sheep Blood, Defibrinated Horse Blood
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A general purpose and nutritious medium for the non-selective enrichment of non-fastidious and some fastidious organisms. Tryptone and soy peptone are the nitrogen and vitamin source in the medium. Glucose is the carbon energy source that facilitates organism growth and sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance. Di-potassium hydrogen phosphate is a buffering agent to prevent auto-sterilisation due to acid production during the growth of some organisms. Tryptone Soya Broth is also commonly referred to as Soybean-Casein Digest Medium or Tryptic Soya Broth and is abbreviated as TSB. TSB conforms to the Harmonized United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EU), and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP).
