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Traditionally, standard methods for enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria in water have used nutritionally rich media with incubation at 35°C. This may represent only a small percentage of bacteria present in the sample. R2A agar is a nutritionally reduced medium which, when combined with incubation at lower temperatures for longer time periods, results in enhanced recovery of stressed and chlorine damaged organisms from treated waters resulting in higher more realistic bacterial counts. -
R2A medium was developed to determine the bacterial count including heterotrophic bacteria in potable waters during treatment and distribution. This medium has a low nutritional content and therefore requires extended incubation times. It is recommended by the Environmental Agency, Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials, and Standard Methods for the Enumeration of Water and Wastewater. -
Rappaport Vassiliadis (R.V.) Single Component Enrichment Broth This is an alternative to Selenite and Tetrathionate broths, as a selective enrichment broth for the isolation of Salmonellae spp from food, dairy and environmental samples and is claimed by some workers to be superior to both these formulations. It can also be used in clinical bacteriology but care must be taken to ensure that only a light inoculum is used. Malachite Green and Magnesium Chloride are included in the formulation as selective agents due to their ability to inhibit most enteric organisms but allow salmonellae to multiply freely. NB: This media is not recommended for use when salmonella typhi is suspected. -
This is a selective enrichment broth for the isolation of Salmonella spp. from pharmaceutical, food, dairy and environmental samples. Malachite Green and Magnesium Chloride are included in the formulation as selective agents due to their ability to inhibit most enteric organisms whilst allowing Salmonella spp. to multiply freely. Gram +ve bacteria and most other enteric bacteria, are typically susceptible to or inhibited by Malachite Green, the high osmotic pressure and/or the low pH of the medium. It should be noted that S.typhi and S.choleraesuis are sensitive to Malachite Green and may therefore be inhibited. This medium conforms to the requirements of the Harmonised USP/EP/JP. -
Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) Medium Semi-Solid is a modification of Rappaport-Vassiliadis Soy Broth for detecting motile Salmonella spp. in faeces and food products.[1] The original research on MSRV Medium revealed a semi-solid could be used as a rapid and sensitive test for isolating motile Salmonella spp. from food products following pre-enrichment or selective enrichment.[2] The semi-solid medium allows motility to be detected as halos of turbid growth around the original point of inoculation. The peptones are to provide vitamins, nutrients and nitrogen to encourage growth of Salmonella spp. The salt maintains the osmotic balance and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a buffer for stabilising the pH of the medium. Malachite green is included as a selective agent that inhibits Gram-positive organisms and some Gram-negative organisms. References (1) ISO 6579-1:2017. Microbiology of the food chain – Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and serotyping of Salmonella – Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp. (2) De Smedt J.M., Bolderdikj R., Rappold H. and Lautenschlaeger D. 1986. Rapid Salmonella Detection in Foods by Motility Enrichment on a Modified Semi-Solid Rappaport-Vassiliadis Medium. J. Food Prot. 49:510-514 -
Rappaport-Vassiliadis Soya Broth is used for the enrichment and selective isolation of Salmonella spp. This medium is a modification of the original formulation by Rappaport et al. and has been formulated to exploit the full characteristics of Salmonella spp. These characteristics include the ability to survive at relatively high osmotic pressure, to multiply at low pH values and greater resistance to malachite green. This formulation also has the correct amount of magnesium chloride as previous formulations did not take into account the volume of displacement caused by dissolving large amounts of magnesium chloride in water. This formulation has been shown to be superior to tetrathionate broth and selenite broth for the isolation of Salmonella spp. from meat products. Soya peptone provides the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and di-potassium hydrogen phosphate act as buffers. Magnesium chloride raises the osmotic pressure in the medium. Malachite green is an inhibitory substance. NB: This formulation is very hygroscopic and will produce a slight exothermic reaction when mixed with water.
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An osmotically controlled solution for the preparation of suspensions of food samples and for use as a diluent in dilution techniques for bacterial enumeration. The solution may also be used in the sampling of food production apparatus by the rinse and swab method. -
An osmotically controlled solution for the preparation of suspensions of food samples and for use as a diluent in dilution techniques for bacterial enumeration. The solution may also be used in the sampling of food production apparatus by the rinse and swab method. -
This is a variation on the common osmotically controlled Ringers solution, where glass beads have been added to enhance macerations in the preparation of suspensions of samples and for use as a diluent in dilution techniques for bacterial enumeration. The solution may also be used in the sampling of food production apparatus by the rinse and swab method. -
RPMI Medium for E-Test RPMI Medium is recommended for use in anti-fungal susceptibility testing of yeasts from clinical isolates using the E-Test method. The medium is based on a simple Glucose Agar with added RPMI-1640 Medium (without Sodium Bicarbonate & Phenol Red), which supplies the necessary vitamins and amino-acids, and MOPS (3-(Morpholino)propanesulfonic Acid) Buffer to maintain the medium pH during incubation. -
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol (0.5g/L) is a selective media for the isolation of yeasts and fungi suitable for use in all areas of mycology. Sabouraud dextrose agar is a modification of a medium originally described by Sabouraud.(1) The tryptone and meat peptone provides the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins. The high concentration of dextrose is included as an energy source. Due to the higher pH of the medium, an increased concentration of chloramphenicol is included to improve the selectivity of the media and inhibit a range of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria. 1. Sabouraud, R. 1892. Ann. Dermatol. Syphilol. 3:1061. -
KM0003 Sabouraud Dextrose Agar powder is a general-purpose, non-selective medium which is used for the isolation of yeasts and moulds from clinical, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic samples. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is a modification of a medium originally described by Sabouraud. The fungi maintain their typical cultural appearance and thus may be readily identified according to the standard macroscopic characters described by Sabouraud. The formulation conforms to European, United States and Japanese Pharmacopeia requirements. This medium complies with ISO 11133:2014, where it is described as the main reference medium to carry out quantitative testing on culture media intended for fungi. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is recommended by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations for various purposes, including as a standard, supplementary or optional medium. Related Supplements : LS0050 Chloramphenicol Selective Supplement
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A long established selective medium for the isolation of yeasts and fungi suitable for use in all areas of Mycology. The low pH (5.6) of the medium inhibits most bacteria and spore structures and pigmentation of fungi are generally well developed on this medium. -
This is one of several media available for the selective isolation of yeasts and fungi suitable for use in all areas of Mycology. The low pH (5.6) of the medium is inhibitory to most bacteria and many diagnostic features such as spores and pigmentation are well developed on this medium. NB: This is a basic medium only and contains no additional supplements. -
This is a selective medium for the isolation of yeasts and fungi and is particularly suitable for use in sterility testing. The low pH (5.6) of the medium is inhibitory to most bacteria and many diagnostic features such as spores and pigmentation are well developed on this medium. The formulation of this medium conforms to the requirements of the Harmonized USP/EP/JP. -
This is a selective medium for the isolation of yeasts and fungi and is particularly suitable for use in sterility testing. The low pH (5.6) of the medium is inhibitory to most bacteria and many diagnostic features such as spores and pigmentation are well developed on this medium. The formulation of this medium conforms to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia & European Pharmacopoeia. This product is wrapped in barrier film to allow for use in Vaporised Hydrogen peroxide sterilisation systems. NB: Final sterilisation of this medium is by Gamma irradiation and it is triple wrapped. Dose Range: Min: 8.0kGy Max: 15.0kGy -
Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol is a selective media for the isolation of yeasts and fungi suitable for use in all areas of mycology. Sabouraud dextrose agar is a modification of a medium originally described by Sabouraud.(1) The tryptone and meat peptone provides the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins. The high concentration of dextrose is included as an energy source and in tandem with the acidic pH (5.6) facilitates the growth of fungi whilst providing limited selective properties.(2) Chloramphenicol is included to increase the selectivity of the media inhibiting a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. References (1) Sabouraud, R. 1892. Ann. Dermatol. Syphilol. 3:1061. (2) Jarett, L., and A. C. Sonnenwirth (eds.). 1980. Gradwohl’s and parasitic infections, 7th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
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Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol (150mg/L) A selective medium for the isolation of yeasts and fungi, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is suitable for use in all areas of Mycology. The low pH of the medium inhibits most bacteria, however in this formulation Chloramphenicol (150mg/L) is added to further reduce the risk when processing material that may be heavily contaminated particularly with coliforms. -
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol (50mg/L) & Cyclohexamide (Actidione) (300mg/L) A selective medium for the isolation of fungi, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is suitable for use in all areas of Mycology. The low pH of the medium inhibits most bacteria however in this formulation Chloramphenicol (50mg/L) is added to further reduce the risk when processing material that may be heavily contaminated particularly with coliforms. Cycloheximide is also added to suppress the growth of yeasts and saprophytic fungi. -
This is a modification of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. The low pH (5.6) of the medium is inhibitory to most bacteria and it has been made specifically selective by the addition of colistin and gentamicin. This further reduces the risk of bacterial contamination when processing material that may be heavily contaminated particularly with Gram negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. -
This is a selective medium for the isolation of yeasts and fungi and is particularly suitable for use in sterility testing. The low pH (5.6) of the medium is inhibitory to most bacteria and many diagnostic features such as spores and pigmentation are well developed on this medium. The formulation of this medium conforms to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia. Lecithin & Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) are added to inactivate surface disinfectants (Lecithin neutralises quaternary ammonium compounds & Tween neutralises phenols, formalin, hexachlorophene and in combination with the Lecithin ethanol). NB: Final sterilisation of this medium is by Gamma irradiation and it is triple wrapped. Dose Range: Min: 8.0kGy Max: 15.0kGy
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Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Lecithin, Tween 80, Histidine & Sodium Thiosulphate (VHP) (USP) - Irradiated This is a selective medium for the isolation of yeasts and fungi and is particularly suitable for use in sterility testing. The low pH (5.6) of the medium is inhibitory to most bacteria and many diagnostic features such as spores and pigmentation are well developed on this medium. The formulation of this medium conforms to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia. Lecithin, Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), Histidine and Sodium Thiosulphate are added to inactivate surface disinfectants (Lecithin neutralises quaternary ammonium compounds, Tween 80 and Histidine neutralises phenols, formalin, hexachlorophene and in combination with the Lecithin ethanol and Sodium Thiosulphate inactivate mercurials). This product is wrapped in barrier film to allow for use in Vaporised Hydrogen peroxide sterilisation systems. NB: Final sterilisation of this medium is by Gamma irradiation and it is triple wrapped. Dose Range: Min: 8.0kGy Max: 15.0kGy
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Sabouraud liquid medium USP is used in sterility testing for the detection of moulds, yeasts and acidophilic microorganisms in pharmaceutical products. This medium is also used for non-sterile testing and for the determination of fungistatic activity. Sabouraud liquid medium USP conforms to the USP and Harmonised Pharmacopeia. The peptic digest of animal tissue and pancreatic digest of casein provides the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins. The high concentration of dextrose is included as an energy source and in tandem with the acidic pH (5.6) facilitates the growth of fungi whilst providing limited selective properties.
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Saline (0.45%) is suitable for use in preparation of food samples and/or as a rinse fluid during examination of equipment etc. prior to culture. It can also be used as a general purpose diluent in many areas of the laboratory. -
Saline (0.85%) is suitable for use in preparation of food samples and/or as a rinse fluid during examination of equipment etc. prior to culture. It can also be used as a general purpose diluent in many areas of the laboratory. -
BM0385 Saline (0.85%) with Beads is used in preparation of tissue specimens for microbiological examination prior to culture. It may also be used as a general-purpose diluent in many areas of the laboratory. Saline (0.85%) is recommended for processing clinical specimens for microbiological examination. The addition of glass beads will allow the specimen to be broken down and, therefore, aiding with the release of microorganisms into the saline for further testing. BM0385 Saline (0.85%) with Beads maintains the osmotic balance of the medium thereby maintaining cell morphology and integrity of bacteria. Glass beads assist with homogenisation of specimens prior to subculturing to primary isolation agar plates and/or enrichment broths. The solution does not interfere with any biochemical reaction and/or antibiotic susceptibility test.
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For in vitro diagnostic use. BM0379 Saline (0.85%) with Beads (Clean Area Pack) is a variation on isotonic saline which is suitable for use as a general-purpose diluent in many areas of the laboratory. The addition of glass beads will allow dense material to be broken down and aid the isolation of any bacteria that may be present in “clumps”. BM0379 Saline (0.85%) with Beads (Clean Area Pack) is tested as a diluent in accordance with the principals of ISO 11133:2014 (1) and can also be used to isolate for identification tests or processing clinical specimens for microbiological examination (2 3). Saline (0.85%) with Beads (Clean Area Pack) maintains the osmotic balance of the medium thereby maintaining cell morphology and integrity of bacteria. The solution does not interfere with any biochemical reactions. This product is aseptically dispensed before being double wrapped and treated with Ethylene Oxide (EO) for use in clean areas.- International Organization for Standardization (2014) 11133:2014 Microbiology of food, animal feed and water – Preparation, production, storage and performance testing of culture media. Geneva, ISO.
- Public Health England. (2015). Investigation of bone and soft tissue associated with osteomyelitis. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. B 42 Issue 2.
- Public Health England. (2021). Investigation of orthopaedic implant associated infections. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. B 44 Issue 2.1.
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Saline (0.9%) is suitable for use in preparation of food samples and/or as a rinse fluid during examination of equipment etc. prior to culture. It can also be used as a general purpose diluent in many areas of the laboratory. -
BM0397 Saline Tryptone Water (pH 7.0) is isotonic saline containing 0.1% tryptone that may be used as a general-purpose diluent in many areas of the laboratory. It is recommended by The British Standards Institute (1) and is tested according to the principles of ISO 11133:2014 (2). The product does not interfere with biochemical reactions used to identify organisms, such as indole production.
References
- The British Standards Institution (2015) BS EN 16615:2015 Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Quantitative test method for the evaluation of bactericidal and yeasticidal activity on non-porous surfaces with mechanical action employing wipes in the medical area (4- field test). Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 2). Published by BSI Standards Limited.
- International Organization for Standardization (2014) 11133:2014 Microbiology of food, animal feed and water - Preparation, production, storage and performance testing of culture media. Geneva, ISO.
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This is a selective medium for the isolation of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. from clinical specimens and food samples. SS agar is a modification of the original DCA medium described by Leifson. The formulation for SS agar was later modified to improve the growth of Shigella spp. SS agar modified differs from SS agar in that it has an alternation to the bile salts mixture, peptone, pH value, and total g/litre. The peptone provides the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Lactose is a fermentable carbohydrate and neutral red is a pH indicator. Sodium thiosulphate and ferric citrate are used to detect hydrogen sulphide production indicated by the black centred colonies of hydrogen sulphite positive organisms. Bile salts, sodium citrate and brilliant green inhibit Gram-positive bacteria and a number of different coliform bacteria.
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Selenite cystine broth is a modification of selenite F broth and is for the selective enrichment of Salmonellae spp. from clinical, food and environmental specimens. The peptone acts as a nitrogen, carbon and vitamin source. Lactose is a fermentable carbohydrate and sodium phosphate is a buffer. L-cystine is used to enhance the recovery of Salmonellae spp. in low numbers. The medium is made selective by the addition of sodium biselenite (KM8021). Following overnight incubation subculture(s) are usually made on to one or more of the many selective enteric solid media.
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A medium for the selective enrichment of Salmonellae spp from both clinical and food samples. It is a buffered Lactose Peptone Broth to which Sodium Biselenite is added as the selective agent and Cystine to enhance the recovery of salmonella in low numbers. Subcultures should be made from the top 1/3 of the broth after not more than 24 hours incubation as after this time there is a loss of selectivity. -
BM0360 Selenite F Broth is a medium for the selective enrichment of Salmonella spp. from both clinical and food samples. Following overnight incubation subculture(s) are usually made on to one or more of the many selective enteric solid media. Selenite F Broth is also recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) for the examination of food. Subcultures should be made from the top 1/3 of the broth after not more than 24 hours incubation as after this time there is a loss of selectivity. -
Developed by Leifson, selenite F broth is a medium for the selective enrichment of Salmonella spp. from both clinical and food samples. The peptone acts as a nitrogen, carbon and vitamin source. Lactose is a fermentable carbohydrate and sodium phosphate is a buffer. The medium is made selective by the addition of sodium biselenite (KM8021). Following overnight incubation subculture(s) are usually made on to one or more of the many selective enteric solid media.
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Selenite mannitol broth is a modification of selenite broth and is for the selective enrichment of Salmonellae spp. from clinical, food and environmental specimens. Comparisons have shown that mannitol selenite broth is better than other enrichment broths for the isolation of Salmonellae spp. The peptone acts as a nitrogen, carbon and vitamin source. Mannitol is a fermentable carbohydrate and sodium phosphate is a buffer. The medium is made selective by the addition of sodium biselenite (KM8021). The fermentation of mannitol by Salmonellae spp. is said to correct the alkaline pH swing which can occur during incubation. Following overnight incubation subculture(s) are usually made on to one or more of the many selective enteric solid media.
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Sheep Blood Agar Base has been developed to provide a nutrient rich medium compatible with sheep blood for the cultivation of many bacteria, especially fastidious Streptococcus spp., without affecting haemolytic reactions. Alternative culture mediums, such as Blood agar base No. 2, can results in mixed haemolytic reactions for some Streptococcus spp. This is thought to occur due to the trace amounts of fermentable carbohydrates in yeast extract and the physiological difference between sheep and horse blood. The tryptone, peptone, and yeast extract provide the required nitrogen, carbon and vitamins in the medium. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. Related Supplements : LS0008 Staph/Strep Selective Supplement
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For in vitro diagnostic use. KM0159 SIM Medium is a multi-purpose medium for the differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae. This is best described as a multi-purpose medium for the differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae that combines three individual tests into a single medium (hydrogen sulphide production, indole formation and motility). The presence of motility is apparent by the organism tracking out from the line of inoculation and often turning the medium turbid. Non-motile organisms generally grow within the stab line leaving the surrounding medium clear. H₂S positive organisms turn the medium black due to the formation of hydrogen sulphide in the presence of the sodium thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate often making it difficult to determine the other parameters. Indole production is tested for by layering a small amount of Indole Reagent (Kovac’s) onto the surface of the medium. A positive result is indicated by the formation of a pink colour at the interface of the reagent and the medium. The enzymatic digest of casein and enzymatic digest of animal tissue provide the required carbon, nitrogen, and vitamins in this medium. Ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate are used to detect hydrogen sulphide production. The low concentration of agar allows for a semisolid media which is used for motility detection.
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BM1841 SIM Medium is a versatile medium that allows for the evaluation of hydrogen sulphide production, indole formation, and motility. These characteristics aid in identifying Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Salmonella and Shigella spp., as well as Clostridium spp.. -
This medium can be used as a screening method for the differentiation of enterobacteriaceae based on the ability of some species to utilise citrate as a sole source of carbon. It is often used as a screening test for Klebsiella pneumoniae (positive reaction) while Escherichia coli is negative. Species that metabolize citrate as their sole source of carbon and ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen cause an increase in alkalinity of the medium resulting in a colour change from green to blue due to the presence of the pH indicator bromthymole blue.
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This medium can be used as a screening method for the differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae based on the ability of some species to utilise citrate as a sole source of carbon. It is often used as a screening test for Klebsiella pneumoniae (Positive reaction) while Escherichia coli is negative. Other uses included distinguishing between species of citrate positive Salmonellae (e.g. Salmonella enteritidis) and those that are negative (e.g. Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A). The medium is inoculated by stabbing the organism (in pure culture) into the medium. A positive result produces a change of colour from green to bright blue and a negative reaction leaves the colour unchanged. -
Six Vented 55mm Crystal Polystyrene Petri Dish Volume(s) : -
Originally intended as a medium for the enumeration of enterococci in water using Membrane Filtration, this medium has become more popular in many other areas such as food bacteriology. The medium contains Tetrazolium Chloride, which is reduced by enterococci to the insoluble red dye Formazan resulting in dark red colonies of enterococci on the agar. It should be noted that this reaction is not exclusive to enterococci and colonies should be confirmed by additional testing e.g. Aesculin hydrolysis. -
This medium was originally described by Slanetz and Bartley(1) for the enumeration of enterococci from water samples using membrane filtration. The medium has also become useful as a direct plating medium. Tryptose and yeast extract provide the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Glucose is a fermentable carbohydrate. The di-potassium hydrogen phosphate acts as a buffer. Selectivity is achieved through the addition of sodium azide which is used to suppress the growth of Gram-negative organisms. The medium contains tetrazolium chloride, which is reduced by enterococci to the insoluble red dye formazan resulting in dark red colonies of enterococci on the agar. It should be noted that this reaction is not exclusive to enterococci and colonies should be confirmed by additional testing e.g. aesculin hydrolysis.
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Soda Glass Universal Bottle Type 3, 7ml volume capacity, with an 18mm polypropylene capVolume(s) : 7ml -
Soda Glass Screw Neck Tube with dimensions of 145x17mm and a 13mm gold metal cap Volume(s) : 17ml -
Soda Glass Test Tube with dimensions of 150x16mm and a red coloured push-fit capVolume(s) : 16ml -
Soda Glass Universal Type 3, 30ml, with a 24mm polypropylene capVolume(s) : 30ml -
Soda Glass Universal Type 3, 30ml, with a 24mm polypropylene cap and Durham Tube Volume(s) : 30ml
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This is an aqueous solution of Sodium Hydroxide (2%) with Phenol Red Indicator suitable for use in the digestion of Sputum samples prior to culture of the samples for Mycobacterium spp. It is generally used in conjunction with Sputum Neutralising Buffer (BM1324). -
BM1322 Sodium Hydroxide (4%) is a reagent used in the digestion and decontamination of sputum samples prior to culture for mycobacteria. Most clinical specimens submitted for acid-fast bacilli isolation are contaminated with more quickly developing commensal microbial flora. Additionally, acid-fast bacilli may be retained in respiratory secretions and not released for culture until the material is liquefied. Respiratory specimens, such as sputum, contain mucin which may trap microorganisms. Decontamination and digestion of the mucous components kills contaminating normal flora and allows slower growing mycobacteria to grow. Timely neutralization prevents potential loss of mycobacteria caused by high pH levels of decontaminants, resulting in the preservation of more viable organisms. BM1322 is recommended by the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations as part of their decontamination/digestion protocol; it is generally used in conjunction with Sputum Neutralising Buffer (BM1325).
